Problem :

Marie invented a Time Machine and wants to test it by time-traveling to visit Russia on the Day of the Programmer (the 256th day of the year) during a year in the inclusive range from 1700 to 2700.

From 1700 to 1917, Russia’s official calendar was the Julian calendar; since 1919 they used the Gregorian calendar system. The transition from the Julian to Gregorian calendar system occurred in 1918, when the next day after January 31st was February 14th. This means that in 1918, February 14th was the 32nd day of the year in Russia.

In both calendar systems, February is the only month with a variable amount of days; it has 29 days during a leap year, and 28 days during all other years. In the Julian calendar, leap years are divisible by 4; in the Gregorian calendar, leap years are either of the following:

• Divisible by 400.
• Divisible by 4 and not divisible by 100.

Given a year, y, find the date of the 256th day of that year according to the official Russian calendar during that year. Then print it in the format dd.mm.yyyy, where dd is the two-digit day, mm is the two-digit month, and yyyy is y.

For example, the given year = 1984. 1984 is divisible by 4, so it is a leap year. The 256th day of a leap year after 1918 is September 12, so the answer is 12.09.1984.

Function Description :

Complete the dayOfProgrammer function in the editor below. It should return a string representing the date of the  day of the year given.

dayOfProgrammer has the following parameter(s):

• year: an integer

Input Format :

A single integer denoting year y.

Constraints :

• 1700 <= y <= 2700

Output Format :

Print the full date of Day of the Programmer during year y in the format dd.mm.yyyy, where dd is the two-digit day, mm is the two-digit month, and yyyy is y.

Sample Input 0 :

2017

Sample Output 0 :

13.09.2017

Sample Input 1 :

2016

Sample Output 1 :

12.09.2016

Sample Input 2 :

1800

Sample Output 2 :

12.09.1800

Solution :

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

string ltrim(const string &);
string rtrim(const string &);

// Complete the dayOfProgrammer function below.
string dayOfProgrammer(int year) {
    const int mon7 = 215; //7 months' days

    short int feb; //days in february
    if(year < 1918) //julian
        feb = year%4 ? 28 : 29;
    else if(year > 1918) //gregorian
        feb = !(year%400) || year%100&&!(year%4) ? 29 : 28;
    else //dreaded 1918
        feb = 15;
    feb = 256 - (feb + mon7);
    return to_string(feb) + ".09." + to_string(year);
    

}

int main()
{
    ofstream fout(getenv("OUTPUT_PATH"));

    string year_temp;
    getline(cin, year_temp);

    int year = stoi(ltrim(rtrim(year_temp)));

    string result = dayOfProgrammer(year);

    fout << result << "\n";

    fout.close();

    return 0;
}

string ltrim(const string &str) {
    string s(str);

    s.erase(
        s.begin(),
        find_if(s.begin(), s.end(), not1(ptr_fun<int, int>(isspace)))
    );

    return s;
}

string rtrim(const string &str) {
    string s(str);

    s.erase(
        find_if(s.rbegin(), s.rend(), not1(ptr_fun<int, int>(isspace))).base(),
        s.end()
    );

    return s;
}

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